编者按：瑞典举行建军五百年“大阅兵”全民开放日活动。记者观察到，北欧最大的国家建军500年的历史见证了瑞典军队的发展和演变，无论是在过去的战争还是现今的和平时期，瑞典军队一直扮演着保卫国家安全和维护和平稳定的重要角色。这次庆典活动的成功举办，不仅是对瑞典军队的致敬，也是对瑞典军事科技和文化的展示，进一步加强了解瑞典作为一个中立国家在军事领域的发展和贡献。
Editor's Note:Sweden celebrates its500-year anniversary of military establishment with a"Grand Parade"open to the public.Our reporter observed that the largest country in Northern Europe has witnessed the development and evolution of the Swedish Armed Forces over the course of500years, playing a crucial role in defending national security and maintaining peace and stability, both in past conflicts and in the present era of peace.The successful organization of this celebratory event not only pays tribute to the Swedish Armed Forces but also showcases Sweden's military technology and culture, further enhancing our understanding of Sweden as a neutral nation and its contributions to the field of defense.
北欧时报采访瑞典武装部队现场，这是陆军野战队。/北欧时报图 The Nordic Chinese Times interviews the Swedish Armed Forces on-site, featuring the Army Field Unit.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
小孩周末来感受一下军事科技爱国情怀。/北欧时报 Nordic Chinese Times provides coverage on military technology and patriotic sentiments for children to experience on the weekend. [Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
装甲兵，协助地道战的装备。/北欧时报 Armored units equipped to assist in underground warfare.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
这应该是援助乌克兰的坦克破击炮，看起来很有威力。/北欧时报 This appears to be an anti-tank artillery provided as aid to Ukraine,and it looks very powerful. [Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
感受一下瑞典的机关枪会不会走火？！/北欧时报 Experience the formidable firepower of Sweden's machine guns without any safety concerns! [Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
北欧时报记者：很高兴看到您们的武器展览，我想请问您们此次展出的武器是否可以向欧盟以外国家出售？向远东地区国家，比如中国。[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
瑞典武器供应商SAAB公司负责人答：对于您的提问，我们公司的武器销售与出口都严格受到瑞典法律限制。瑞典法律严格限制武器向任何国家出口，但这并不是针对任何特定国家的。也就是说，瑞典制造的武器仅在获得瑞典政府颁发的豁免令的情况下才能向特定地区进行出口。
北欧时报：我明白了，谢谢您，祝您生活愉快。
Nordic Chinese Times Reporter: It's great to see your weapons exhibition, and I would like to ask if the weapons showcased here can be sold to countries outside the European Union?Countries in the Far East, like China, for example.
SAAB Company Representative:Thank you for your question.The sale and export of our company's weapons are strictly regulated by Swedish law.Swedish legislation imposes strict restrictions on the export of weapons to any country,without targeting any specific country.In other words,Swedish-manufactured weapons can only be exported to specific regions under exemptions issued by the Swedish government.
Nordic Times Reporter:I understand,thank you for your response.Wish you a pleasant day!
中世纪的瑞典军队着装。/北欧时报 The attire of the Swedish military during the Middle Ages.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
后勤保障系统极为专业，小孩也亲临现场感受军事医学。/北欧时报 The logistics support system is highly professional,and even children can experience military medicine on-site. [Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
（本报斯德哥尔摩讯 记者RobinHo 通讯员 朱文韬）2023年5月27日，瑞典首都斯德哥尔摩在国王草原举办了建军500周年庆祝活动。这一开放的军事科技文化活动吸引了成千上万的民众前来现场观摩和体验，以了解瑞典从中世纪开始的军事装备。让我们一同聚焦瑞典五百年来的军事文化，带您领略瑞典军队和装备的跨世纪精彩瞬间。
庆祝活动于当天上午10点开始，一直持续到晚上7点15分，是一场全天的盛会。所有的军队单位、志愿组织、国防工业和国防设备都参与其中。此外，还有展览和音乐表演安排在活动期间。在斯德哥尔摩的Gärdet，这是一场适合所有人的盛大庆典。
(Stockholm,Sweden-Report by Robin Ho,Journalist,Correspondent Zhu Wentao) On May 27th, 2023, the Swedish capital Stockholm hosted a grand celebration at King's Meadow to commemorate the500th anniversary of the establishment of the Swedish Armed Forces.This open military technology and cultural event attracted thousands of people who came to witness and experience the military equipment that Sweden has developed since the Middle Ages.Let us focus on Sweden's military culture spanning five centuries and take you on a journey to witness the remarkable moments of the Swedish army and its equipment.
The celebration began at10:00AM and lasted until7:15PM, creating a full-day extravaganza.All military units, voluntary organizations, defense industries, and defense equipment were actively involved.Additionally, there were exhibitions and musical performances scheduled throughout the event.Located at Gärdet in Stockholm, this grand celebration was designed to be enjoyed by people of all ages.
庆祝活动的日程安排如下：
10点：庄严的敬礼仪式和开幕致辞。
10点至12点：皇家斯卡讷骑兵乐队、卡洛琳斯卫队和炮兵的展示。
12点至12点25分：现代战车/系统的展示。
12点30分至1点：现代战斗演示。
13点30分至14点：军队飞行演示。
14点15分至14点45分：直升机跳伞表演。
15点至17点：皇家斯卡讷骑兵乐队、卡洛琳斯卫队和炮兵的展示。
15点30分至16点30分：研讨会：“我们一起保卫瑞典”。
17点至17点45分：历史性的军事文化游行。
18点至19点15分：与Stefan Andersson、Titti Sjöblom和陆军乐队音乐会。
19点15分至19点30分：以陆军乐队表演结束。
The schedule of the celebration is as follows:
10:00AM:Solemn salute ceremony and opening address.
10:00AM-12:00PM:Royal Skåne Cavalry Band,the Royal Life Guards,and artillery demonstrations.
12:00PM-12:25PM:Exhibition of modern tanks/systems.
12:30PM-1:00PM:Modern combat demonstration.
1:30PM-2:00PM:Military aviation display.
2:15PM-2:45PM:Helicopter parachute jump performance.
3:00PM-5:00PM:Royal Skåne Cavalry Band,the Royal Life Guards,and artillery demonstrations.
3:30PM-4:30PM:Seminar:"Defending Sweden Together."
5:00PM-5:45PM:Historic military cultural parade.
6:00PM-7:15PM:Concert with Stefan Andersson,Titti Sjöblom,and the Army Band.
7:15PM-7:30PM:Grand finale with the Army Band performance.
北欧时报记者现场采访了瑞典武装部队，包括陆军野战队。许多孩子们在周末来到现场，感受军事科技并培养爱国情怀。
现场展示了装甲兵部队和协助地道战的装备。一辆坦克破击炮吸引了众人的目光，它展现出强大的火力和威力，显然是瑞典援助乌克兰的一部分装备。瑞典的军事装备一直以来都以先进和可靠而闻名，这次庆典也展示了其强大的军事实力。
除了现代化的装备外，活动还展示了瑞典步枪的高品质。瑞典步枪以其精准度和可靠性而受到赞誉，被许多国家所采用。参观者们对这些先进的武器感到着迷，很多民众亲自体验真枪“实弹”的魅力，很多孩子们也到现场体验，了解到瑞典在军事科技领域的领先地位。
Nordic Chinese Times reporter conducted on-site interviews with the Swedish Armed Forces, including the Army Field Unit.Many children visited the site on weekends to experience military technology and cultivate patriotism.
The exhibition showcased armored units and equipment for supporting underground warfare.One particular attention-grabbing piece was an anti-tank artillery, which displayed its powerful firepower and capabilities, likely part of Sweden's assistance to Ukraine.Swedish military equipment has long been renowned for its advanced and reliable nature, and this celebration further showcased the country's formidable military strength.
In addition to modern equipment, the event also highlighted the high quality of Swedish rifles.Swedish rifles are praised for their precision and reliability, and they have been adopted by many nations.Visitors were fascinated by these advanced weapons, with many having the opportunity to personally experience the allure of real firearms.Numerous children also participated, gaining insights into Sweden's leading position in military technology.
庆典上还展示了中世纪瑞典军队的服装，让人们可以回顾北欧海盗时期的文明。这些服装展示了瑞典历史上战士们的勇气和坚韧精神。参观者们通过观赏和了解瑞典军事文化的演变，更加深入地了解了这个国家的军事传统和荣耀。
除了战斗力量，瑞典的军事力量还注重后勤保障系统的专业性。庆典现场还设有军事医学展示，让人们了解军队如何在战场上提供紧急医疗救援。这也让孩子们有机会亲身感受和了解军队的日常工作，培养他们对国家安全和军队的尊重与关注。
瑞典作为一个中立国家，一直以来都注重自身的国防和军事实力。通过这次建军500周年的庆典活动，瑞典向世界展示了其强大的军事实力和先进的军事科技。同时，这也是一个向国内外民众展示瑞典军队和装备的机会，让人们更加了解并对其感到自豪。
The celebration also featured the display of costumes worn by the Swedish military during the medieval period,allowing people to revisit the civilization of the Nordic pirate era.These costumes showcased the courage and resilience of Swedish warriors throughout history.By observing and understanding the evolution of Swedish military culture,visitors gained a deeper insight into the country's military traditions and glory.
In addition to combat strength,Sweden's military forces also prioritize the professionalism of their logistics support systems.The event included a military medical exhibition,providing an opportunity for people to learn how the military provides emergency medical assistance on the battlefield.This also allowed children to personally experience and understand the daily work of the military,fostering their respect and concern for national security and the armed forces.
As a neutral country,Sweden has always emphasized its own defense and military capabilities.Through this500th anniversary celebration of the establishment of the Swedish Armed Forces,Sweden showcased its powerful military strength and advanced military technology to the world.Moreover,it provided an opportunity to showcase the Swedish military and its equipment to both domestic and international audiences,enabling people to gain a better understanding and feel a sense of pride.
瑞典建军500年的历史充满了荣耀和成就。尽管瑞典在过去几个世纪中并没有参与大规模的战争，但它一直致力于建立强大的国防力量和先进的军事科技。作为一个中立国家，瑞典坚持保持军事中立，并将其军队的主要任务定位于国内防御和国际维和行动。
瑞典军队在过去的几个世纪中经历了许多变革和现代化的步伐。从中世纪的北欧海盗时期到现代的高科技装备，瑞典一直保持着对军事技术的持续投资和创新。瑞典的国防工业也得到了长期的支持和发展，使得瑞典能够独立设计、生产和维护自己的武器系统和军事装备。
在军事科技方面，瑞典一直处于领先地位。瑞典的军事装备以其高质量、可靠性和先进性而闻名。例如，瑞典的战斗机制造商“萨博”曾经成功地生产了世界上最先进的战斗机之一，即“格里彻”战斗机。瑞典还在雷达技术、无人机、导弹防御系统等领域取得了重要的突破。
The500-year history of Sweden's military establishment is filled with glory and achievements.Despite not being involved in large-scale wars over the past centuries,Sweden has consistently focused on building a strong defense force and advanced military technology.As a neutral country,Sweden maintains its military neutrality and positions its armed forces primarily for domestic defense and international peacekeeping missions.
The Swedish military has undergone numerous transformations and modernizations over the centuries.From the era of Nordic pirates in the Middle Ages to modern high-tech equipment,Sweden has maintained continuous investments and innovation in military technology.The defense industry in Sweden has received long-term support and development,enabling Sweden to independently design,produce,and maintain its own weapon systems and military equipment.
In terms of military technology,Sweden has always been at the forefront.Swedish military equipment is renowned for its high quality,reliability,and advanced features.For example,Swedish combat aircraft manufacturer Saab has successfully produced one of the world's most advanced fighter jets,the Gripen.Sweden has also made significant breakthroughs in radar technology,unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs),missile defense systems,and more.
瑞典的军事实力不仅仅体现在装备和技术上，还体现在其高度专业化和训练有素的军队。瑞典注重军队的素质培养和士兵的个人能力发展。军事训练和演习是瑞典军队日常工作的重要组成部分，以确保士兵们具备应对各种威胁和挑战的能力。
另一个瑞典军队的重要特点是其强调性别平等和多样性。瑞典军队积极鼓励女性参军，并为他们提供平等的机会和职业发展。这使得瑞典军队成为一个多元化和包容性的组织，能够更好地适应现代军事需求。
尽管瑞典在军事实力上保持着高度自主性，但它也积极参与国际维和行动和合作。作为一个中立国家，瑞典始终坚持通过外交和合作来维护国际和平与安全。瑞典军队参与了联合国维和行动、北约任务以及国际反恐等任务，为国际社会的稳定和安全做出了重要贡献。
Sweden's military strength is not only reflected in its equipment and technology but also in its highly professional and well-trained armed forces.Sweden emphasizes the development of soldier's individual capabilities and the cultivation of their overall quality.Military training and exercises are integral parts of the Swedish military's daily work,ensuring that soldiers are equipped with the necessary skills to respond to various threats and challenges.
Another important characteristic of the Swedish military is its emphasis on gender equality and diversity.Sweden actively encourages women to join the armed forces and provides them with equal opportunities and career development.This has made the Swedish military a diverse and inclusive organization,better able to meet the demands of modern military operations.
While maintaining a high degree of autonomy in its military capabilities,Sweden actively engages in international peacekeeping operations and cooperation.As a neutral country,Sweden remains committed to upholding international peace and security through diplomacy and collaboration.The Swedish military participates in United Nations peacekeeping missions,NATO tasks,and international counterterrorism efforts,making significant contributions to the stability and security of the international community.
瑞典建军500年的庆祝活动是对这个国家军事历史的回顾和展示，同时也是向世界展示瑞典中立国家的军事实力和军事科技文化的机会。通过举办这样一场盛大的阅兵和军事科技展示活动，瑞典向世界传递了一个重要信息：作为一个中立国家，瑞典注重自身国防力量的建设和现代化，以确保国家的安全和稳定。
瑞典的军事实力和军事科技文化不仅仅是国家安全的保障，也是国家形象的展示。瑞典通过展示自己先进的军事装备、专业化的军队以及多元化的军事文化，向世界展示了一个中立国家所能达到的军事实力水平。
The celebration of Sweden's500years of military establishment is a retrospective and showcase of the country's military history.It is also an opportunity to demonstrate Sweden's military strength and military technology culture as a neutral nation to the world.By hosting such a grand parade and military technology exhibition,Sweden sends an important message to the world:as a neutral country,Sweden emphasizes the development and modernization of its own defense capabilities to ensure national security and stability.
Sweden's military strength and military technology culture are not only a guarantee of national security but also a representation of the country's image.Through showcasing advanced military equipment,professional armed forces,and diverse military culture,Sweden presents to the world the level of military capabilities that a neutral nation can achieve.
作为一个中立国家，瑞典始终以和平与合作为核心价值观。瑞典军事的发展和军事科技的创新都是为了维护国家的安全和稳定，以及为国际社会的和平与安全作出积极贡献。瑞典的军队和装备不仅仅是战争工具，更是为了实现持久和平、保护人民安全和维护国家利益的重要力量。
建军500年的庆祝活动为我们提供了一个机会，深入了解瑞典的军事历史和军事科技文化。这是一个展示瑞典军队强大实力和国家荣耀的时刻，也是向世界展示一个中立国家如何通过持续的投资和创新来建设自己的国防力量的典范。瑞典军队的500年历史见证了这个国家在军事领域的成就，同时也向我们展示了一个中立国家的军事实力可以如何为国家和国际社会的和平与安全做出重要贡献。
As a neutral nation,Sweden has always upheld peace and cooperation as core values.The development of Sweden's military and the innovation of military technology are aimed at safeguarding the country's security and stability while actively contributing to peace and security in the international community.The Swedish military and its equipment are not merely tools of war but important forces dedicated to achieving lasting peace,protecting the safety of its people,and defending national interests.
The celebration of500years of military establishment provides us with an opportunity to delve into Sweden's military history and military technology culture.It is a moment to showcase the strength of the Swedish armed forces and the national pride they embody.It also serves as a demonstration to the world of how a neutral country can construct its defense capabilities through continuous investment and innovation.The500-year history of the Swedish military bears witness to the country's achievements in the field of defense and illustrates how the military strength of a neutral nation can contribute significantly to the peace and security of both the nation and the international community.
中世纪的瑞典军队着装。/北欧时报 The attire of the Swedish military during the Middle Ages.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
中世纪的瑞典军队着装。/北欧时报 The attire of the Swedish military during the Middle Ages.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
中世纪的瑞典军队着装。/北欧时报 The attire of the Swedish military during the Middle Ages.
图解：战争是残酷的，我们永远要和平，保持中立最好！War is cruel, and we must always strive for peace!Remaining neutral is the best approach.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
中世纪的瑞典军队着装。/北欧时报 The attire of the Swedish military during the Middle Ages.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
中世纪的瑞典军队着装。/北欧时报 The attire of the Swedish military during the Middle Ages.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
中世纪的瑞典军队着装。/北欧时报 The attire of the Swedish military during the Middle Ages.[Photo:Nordic Chinese Times]
文章最后，请我们翻翻本次活动专辑《Sveriges armé 1523-2023 瑞典军队500年，1523-2023》，瑞典陆军总参谋长卡尔·恩格尔布雷克特森写的序言：
很高兴获得为一本名为《军队500年，1523-2023》的著作撰写序言的荣誉，使我们作为为军队服务的人们意识到我们是一个比自己更庞大的整体中的一部分。五百年来，在这段时间里，有许多普遍和永恒的教训。瑞典军队在本书第7章中很好地阐明了其中的一些。 以前在不同的场合，我对这本书的许多部分都作了了解。因此，从现在开始，这本书将成为陆军司令员在军队内部对专业军官进行培训时推荐的阅读材料。
当你阅读完这本书后，你将能够回答一些问题，比如我们为什么要庆祝军队的起源到1523年6月17日，以及Didrik Slagheck在这方面扮演了什么角色。但还有其他一些有趣的事实，比如从19世纪90年代开始，我们就研究了强调任务指导和地方优势的战术，或者为什么可以说拉斯·奥尔松实际上是第一位军队司令官。 此外，显然存在着一些永恒的困境，即在基本组织和战时组织中军队的规模要适当。在运营需求和经济现实的基础上，正确平衡质量和数量。这涉及人员配备、组织和装备，以及根据这些因素塑造适时的培训和战术。一支军队的人员构成一直以来都由多个不同的人员类别组成，包括持续和临时雇佣的人员，在所有类别中进行动员的人员，军官，专业军官，小组长和士兵以及平民。这一点始终是成功和必需的。这本书将不同时期士兵和专业军官的视角联系起来，因此非常有趣。
在政治层面上，准确评估和决定如何利用军事手段以实现政治目标的重要性突显出来。此外，成为一个强大和可靠的联盟的重要性也是不断重复的。在军事战略层面上，能力和无能力，正确评估自己和对手的能力，是战争艺术的基础。在多个战线上进行战争的困难也是一个反复出现的困境，这与建立联盟有关。 在作战层面上，地理的重要性始终带来普遍的挑战。我们国家的气候和（即使在大国和联合时代之后）巨大的距离，以及基础设施的可获得性和缺乏性，地形的特征，如大片森林、长海岸线、众多河流、少数道路，将始终影响我们的战术和组织。在操作层面上，我们历史上也通过在大型编队中使用综合武器的能力显示出实力。
在战术层面上，几次战役表明，在经济不景气或错误评估稳定性的时期，军队似乎总是变得太小，对物质发展和大型编队的训练被忽视。此时，野营的战斗往往成为核心，尽管人们知道，一支强大的军队必须具备更高层次的战术能力。让我们了解当代和历史永远教会我们怎么变化，我们始终需要一个可靠和经过充分训练的防御能力。
其他的常量包括良好领导力的重要性，这基于任务指导原则，在战斗执行中特别重要。这本书以有价值的方式描述了小组/营地对战斗和团结的重要性，同时反映了不同时代最高指挥官的个人领导力的重要性。
总结起来，战争始终是意志之战的教训贯穿其中。为了真正相信某些事情而战斗，如保卫自己的人民或出于复仇的斗志而战，这将影响到从政治联盟层面到单兵战士的动机和凝聚力。 最后，我必须提到几个世纪以来重要且如今再次凸显出来的深层次的芬兰-瑞典（FISE）之间的合作。这里还可以提到，第一个现代瑞典军队可以归功于1770年代的Magnus Sprengtporten Savolax军旅。我们有着悠久而共同的历史，因此我们的关系应该以最大的尊重予以维护。尤其是在我们共同努力成为北约联盟的过程中。
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